Figural-Architectural Sculpture

Later Lawrie

 

Bertram Goodhue died in 1924, leaving a number of major commisisons incomplete, and also leaving a number of copy-cats. Five or six buildings in Los Angeles mimic his integration of figures on the library. The Nebraska State Capitol was the pattern for Huey Long's Louisiana version. And the 'aesthetic coordinator' / gesamtwerkmeister / skyscraper-as-cathedral work of Wirt Rowland in Detroit strongly suggests Goodhue's influence.

Nevertheless, when Goodhue died, Lawrie lost a friend and his principal patron. Goodhue is entombed in the Church of the Intercession, and Lawrie carved a frieze including all his best work. (Click for a larger version.)

 

Goodhue's office transformed itself into Mayers Murray & Philip, all former Goodhue Associates. Mayers Murray & Philip dissolved in about 1940, but in those 15 years they:

  • completed the dome and the community house at St. Bart's
  • completed eleven buildings on the beautiful California Institute of Technology (Caltech) campus in Pasadena, which Goodhue had master-planned
  • completed the Rockefeller Chapel on the University of Chicago campus
  • designed and built the nearby 1931 Oriental Institute
  • the 1926 Christ Church Cranbrook, which includes Lee Lawrie carvings of the "Dawn Men" on the stone buttresses. According to Kathryn Bishop Eckert and Balthazar Korab, "Twelve elongated stone figures, carved on site by Edward Ardolino after designs by Lee Lawrie, depict Wilbur Wright, inventor and pioneer aviator; Louis Pasteur, chemist..; Michael Faraday, English scientist...; Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish astronomer; Galileo, Italian astronomer...; and Leonardo de Vinct, Italian artist; among others. The figures of Mary and John placed on the bellcote at the northeast corner over the chapel were sculpted by Ulric Ellerhusen."
  • associate architects on the 1929 Temple Emanu-El synagogue on Fifth Avenue
  • the 1929 Brooklyn Law School
  • the 1935 Navajo National Council Chamber in Window Rock, Arizona, one of 33 American Indian projects in 10 states awarded by the Public Works Administration
  • the Medicine and Public Health Building at the 1939 World's Fair, with sculptural groups by Edmond Amateis

...And this building, the 1929 Church of the Heavenly Rest at 90th Street and Fifth Avenue in New York City, fronting an especially leafy stretch of Central Park, the firm completed a steel-frame, simplified Gothic limestone structure on land donated by the Carnegie family. The church features integrated architectural sculpture by Lee Lawrie in the form of Moses and John the Baptist emerging from the stonework. The pulpit Madonna was done by Malvina Hoffman.

 

 

Church of the Heavenly Rest

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ramsey County Courthouse

 

 

 

In the 1920s and 30s some of Lawrie's other commissions included:

  • the Fidelity Mutual Life Building, now the Perelman building at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, architects Zantzinger, Borie and Medary
  • the Louisiana State Capitol, architects Weiss, Dreyfous, and Seiferth
  • the 1933 Chicago World's Fair, the Century of Progress. Lawrie served as Director of Sculpture for the 1933 fair (just as Karl Bitter had in Chicago 1893, Buffalo 1901, St. Louis 1904 and San Francisco 1915), and contributed sculpture for Raymond Hood's rather large Electrical Building.

...And this building, the 1928 City of Saint Paul City Hall and Ramsey County (Minnesota) Courthouse building, the architects of record Holabird and Root of Chicago, and Ellerbe and Company of St. Paul.

The sculptural moments are in the right places, and there's a single stylized integrated figure. There's a three-story marble hall in this building with a spectacularly odd statue from the Swedish nut-sculptor Carl Milles, the 55-ton Vision of Peace, which is not only the largest carved Mexican onyx statue in the world, but it rotates.

 

 

 

 

 

And it's interesting to lay up Lawrie's regular-citizen inscised frieze above the doorway to Rene Paul Chambellan's exact same thing from 1929.

 

 

Rockefeller Center

 

 

Lee Lawrie had the good fortune to be named the head sculptor for the entire Rockefeller Center complex, which was a missing blessing. He placed 14 different works, including the Atlas on Fifth Avenue, the archaic stone screen on the International Building, and the famous grouping of "Wisdom" flanked by "Sound" (above) and "Light".

The participants had a network of connections back to Goodhue's office. Both Raymond Hood and Wallace Harrison had worked for Goodhue, and the art program was developed by Hartley Burr Alexander, the philosopher of the plains who had programmed the Nebraska State Capitol.

That's a whole other story.

In 1940, after Rockefeller Center, Lawrie quit. The work had dried up. Reckoning that his life as an artist was over (according to Dale L. Gibbs), he left New York and moved to Easton Maryland. Steven Mirabella quotes him from somewhere, saying, "My family and I did not expect any sculpture to come to me again. I expected to plant the two fields in grain and keep chickens, hogs and sheep.”

He continued to find work through the 1950s in a heroic mode-- three panels called Patriotism, Courage and Wisdom in the U. S. Senate, at Boys' Town in Omaha, and the memorial called "Youth Triumphing over Evil" at the Brittany American Cemetery in France -- but no further large commissions.

 

 

   

 

Copyright 2005 - 2007 Walt Lockley. All rights reserved.